Product Includes | Volume (with Count) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PTMScan® IAP Buffer (10X) 9993 | 3 x 600 µl | ||||
PTMScan® HS Pan-Methyl Lysine Magnetic Immunoaffinity Beads | 1 x 60 µl |
Product Information
PTMScan enrichment kits are compatible with many protein extraction, digestion, and purification protocols. Compatible workflows include in-solution digestion, those that use centrifugal reactors (FASP1, S-Trap™ cartridges2, or iST3) or magnetic bead precipitation (SP34). Regardless of the particular method selected, ensure that peptides are completely dry and free of lysis buffer components, lipids, and excess salts prior to using the immunoaffinity purification kit. Below is a general protocol that uses in-solution digestion followed by solid phase extraction on Sep-Paks.
References:
NOTE: Prepare solutions for cell lysis (Section I), C18 column purification (Section II), and IAP enrichment (Section III) with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalent grade water. Prepare solutions using HPLC grade water (Burdick and Jackson water) for the peptide concentration steps (Section IV).
NOTE: Prepare solutions with RODI or equivalent grade water.
NOTE: The Urea Lysis Buffer should be prepared fresh prior to each experiment. Do not include protease inhibitors.
NOTE: Dissolving urea is an endothermic reaction. Urea Lysis Buffer preparation can be facilitated by placing a stir bar in the beaker and by using a warm (not hot) water bath on a stir plate. 9 M urea is used so that upon lysis, the final concentration is approximately 8 M. The urea lysis buffer should be used at room temperature. Placing the urea lysis buffer on ice will cause the urea to precipitate out of solution.
NOTE: DO NOT place Urea Lysis Buffer or culture dishes on ice during harvesting. Harvest cells using Urea Lysis Buffer at room temperature. During lysis, the buffer becomes viscous due to DNA released from the cells.
NOTE: If desired, the PTMScan® protocol may be interrupted at this stage. The lysed cells or tissues can be frozen and stored at -80°C for several weeks.
NOTE: Centrifugation is performed at room temperature to prevent urea from precipitating out of solution.
NOTE: Lysate sonication fragments DNA and reduces sample viscosity. Ensure that the sonicator tip is submerged in the lysate. If the sonicator tip is not submerged properly, it may induce foaming and degradation of your sample.
NOTE: WaLP is used for SUMOylated peptide analysis in combination with the Ubiquitin/SUMO Remnant Kit (Cell Signaling Technology, #59322). All other PTMScan HS samples should be prepared with trypsin as the protease.
NOTE: Alternative proteases such as GluC, chymotrypsin, and others can be used in addition to the protease digests outlined in the reference table to expand the coverage of modified peptides from each Motif Antibody. When considering the use of additional protease digests it should be compatible with the respective Motif Antibody by not cleaving residues within the designated sequence motif. Alternate protease digests that generate larger proteolytic peptides may not be ideal if the resulting peptides do not ionize well in the mass spectrometer.
NOTE: Use WaLP only for generating KGG remnants in SUMOylated protein experiments.
NOTE: Purification of peptides is performed at room temperature on C18 reversed-phase Sep-Pak columns from Waters (#WAT054955).
NOTE: C18 purification uses reversed-phase (hydrophobic) solid-phase extraction. Peptides and lipids bind to the chromatographic material. Large molecules such as DNA, RNA, and most protein, as well as hydrophilic molecules such as many small metabolites are separated from peptides using this technique. Peptides are eluted from the column with 50% acetonitrile (ACN) and separated from lipids and proteins, which elute at approximately 60% ACN and above.
NOTE: About 2.5 mg of protease-digested peptides can be purified from one C18 column. Purify peptides immediately after proteolytic digestion.
NOTE: Prepare solutions with HPLC grade water. Pierce Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA), Sequencing grade (ThermoFisher Scientific, 28903) and Pierce Acetonitrile (ACN), LC-MS Grade (Thermo Scientific, 51101) when preparing solutions. All percentage specifications for solutions are vol/vol.
NOTE: Organic solvents are volatile. Tubes containing small volumes of these solutions should be prepared immediately before use and should be kept capped as much as possible because the organic components evaporate quickly.
NOTE: Before loading the peptides from the digested sample on the column, they must be acidified with TFA for efficient peptide binding. The acidification step helps remove fatty acids from the digested peptide mixture.
NOTE: Application of all solutions can be performed with a vacuum manifold or by gravity flow. If using vacuum, keep flow rates below approximately 0.33mL/min for most steps. Sample loading should be done by gravity flow to maximize recovery.
NOTE: Peptide solutions may be frozen at -80 °C for 1 hr or longer before placing in the Speed-Vac; this will prevent full tubes from spilling when placed at an angle to dry.
NOTE: A standard lyophilization apparatus is also acceptable in place of a vacuum concentrator.
NOTE: Dry, digested peptides are stable at -80°C for several months (seal the closed tube with parafilm for storage). The PTMScan® procedure can be interrupted before or after drying. Once the dry peptide is dissolved in 1X IAP Buffer (see next step), continue to the end of the procedure.
NOTE: Tubes can be shaken gently at room temperature using a vortexer or thermomixer for 5 min or placed in a sonicator bath for 2 min to ensure complete solubilization, if necessary.
NOTE: After dissolving the peptide, check the pH of the peptide solution by spotting a small volume on pH indicator paper. The pH should be close to neutral (no lower than 7.0). If necessary, add 2 µL of 1M Tris base at a time until the pH is at 7.0.
NOTE: There may be a small, insoluble pellet. Transfer supernatant to a clean tube and discard the pellet.
NOTE: Ensure the beads remain in suspension while rotating and that bubbles do not collect at the bottom of the tube as this will prevent proper bead and sample mixing.
NOTE: Keep the 1X IAP Buffer and LCMS Water on ice for the subsequent steps.
NOTE: In this step, the post-translationally modified peptides of interest will be in the eluent.
NOTE: We recognize there are many routine methods for concentrating peptides using commercial products such as C18 tips (see below) that have been optimized for peptide desalting/concentration. Regardless of the particular method, we recommend that the method of choice be optimized for recovery and be amenable for peptide loading capacities of at least 10 µg.
C18 tips: Pierce C18 Spin Tips (ThermoFisher Scientific 84850)
NOTE: Prepare solutions with Burdick and Jackson water or other LCMS grade water. Organic solvents (trifluoroacetic acid, acetonitrile) should be of the highest grade.
Recommended: Pierce Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA), Sequencing grade (ThermoFisher Scientific, 28903) and Pierce Acetonitrile (ACN), LCMS Grade (ThermoFisher Scientific, 51101).
Prepare all solutions in containers that have never been exposed to soap, as detergents will interfere with LCMS analysis.
NOTE: Organic solvents are volatile. Tubes containing small volumes of these solutions should be prepared immediately before use and should be kept capped as much as possible, to prevent evaporation of organic components.
NOTE: All centrifugation steps in this section should be carried out at room temperature. Spin at 2,000 x g or a speed that passes all the solution through the tip in approximately 3 min.
Protocol Id: 2704
Methylation of lysine residues is a common regulatory post-translational modification (PTM) that results in the mono-, di-, or tri-methylation of lysine at ε-amine groups by protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs). Two PKMT groups are recognized based on structure and catalytic mechanism: class I methyltransferases or seven β strand enzymes, and SET domain-containing class V methyltransferases. Both use the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine to methylate histone and non-histone proteins. Class I methyltransferases methylate amino acids, DNA, and RNA (1,2). Six methyl-lysine-interacting protein families are distinguished based on binding domains: MBT, PHD finger, Tudor, PWWP, WD40 repeat, and chromodomains. Many of these display differential binding preferences based on lysine methylation state (3). KDM1 subfamily lysine demethylases catalyze demethylation of mono- and di-methyl lysines, while 2-oxoglutarate-dependent JmjC (KDM2-7) subfamily enzymes also modify tri-methyl lysine residues (4).
Most PKMT substrates are histone proteins and transcription factors, emphasizing the importance of lysine methylation in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. Lys9 of histone H3 is mono- or di-methylated by G9A/GLP and tri-methylated by SETDB1 to activate transcription. JHDM3A-mediated demethylation of the same residue creates mono-methyl Lys9 and inhibits gene transcription (5). Tumor suppressor p53 is regulated by methylation of at least four sites. p53-mediated transcription is repressed following mono-methylation of p53 at Lys370 by SMYD2; di-methylation at the same residue further inhibits p53 by preventing association with 53BP1. Concomitant di-methylation at Lys382 inhibits p53 ubiquitination following DNA damage. Mono-methylation at Lys382 by SET8 suppresses p53 transcriptional activity, while SET7/9 mono-methylation at Lys372 inhibits SMYD2 methylation at Lys370 and stabilizes the p53 protein. Di-methylation at Lys373 by G9A/GLP inhibits p53-mediated apoptosis and correlates with tri-methylation of histone H3 Lys9 at the p21 promoter (1,6). Overexpression of PKMTs is associated with multiple forms of human cancer, which has generated tremendous interest in targeting protein lysine methyltransferases in drug discovery research.
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