Recombinant antibodies offer several key advantages compared to traditional antibodies. These include superior lot-to-lot consistency, continuous supply, and animal-free manufacturing. As such, recombinant antibodies are seeing increased use for scientific research, especially as a means of addressing the ongoing reproducibility crisis.
Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. They are generated by immunizing an animal with an antigen to elicit an immune response. While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope.
Recombinant antibodies are monoclonal, but their production involves in vitro genetic manipulation. After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable.
Because recombinant antibody production involves sequencing the antibody light and heavy chains, it is a highly controlled and reliable process. In contrast, hybridoma-based systems for producing monoclonal antibodies are subject to genetic drift and instability, increasing the potential for lot-to-lot variability or loss of antibody expression. Recombinant antibodies are highly consistent from lot to lot, thereby ensuring reproducible experimental results.
In vitro methods for producing antibodies are amenable to large-scale production, meaning antibody availability is unlikely to become a limiting factor. Moreover, since the recombinant antibody sequence is known, continuity of supply is assured; in situations where an antibody will be used to support large, long-term studies, this can be an especially critical factor.
Unlike traditional methods for antibody production, recombinant approaches avoid the need to use animals. Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. Regardless of whether an antibody is polyclonal, monoclonal or recombinant, it must always be properly validated in the intended application prior to experimental use. At CST, we adhere to the Hallmarks of Antibody Validation™, six complementary strategies for determining the specificity, sensitivity, and functionality of an antibody in any given assay. By carefully tailoring these strategies to each antibody product, we guarantee that CST antibodies will work as expected, to help you achieve results you can trust.
| Cat. # | Size | Qty. | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42039SF | 100 µg |
|
| REACTIVITY | H M R Mk |
| SENSITIVITY | Endogenous |
| MW (kDa) | 9 |
| Source/Isotype | Rabbit IgG |
Product Information
Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Xenopus, Zebrafish, Bovine
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids at the amino terminus of human NEDD8 protein.
Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8 (NEDD8), also known as Rub1 (related to ubiquitin 1) in plants and yeast, is a member of the ubiquitin-like protein family (1,2). The covalent attachment of NEDD8 to target proteins, termed neddylation, is a reversible, multi-step process analogous to ubiquitination. NEDD8 is first synthesized in a precursor form with a carboxy-terminal extension peptide that is removed by either the UCH-L3 or NEDP1/DEN1 hydrolase protein to yield a mature NEDD8 protein (3,4). Mature NEDD8 is then covalently linked to target proteins via the carboxy-terminal glycine residue in a reaction catalyzed by the APP-BP1/Uba3 heterodimer complex and Ubc12 as the E1- and E2-like enzymes, respectively (5). An E3 ligase protein, Roc1/Rbx1, is also required for neddylation of the cullin proteins (6). Protein de-neddylation is catalyzed by a number of enzymes in the cell, including a "ubiquitin-specific" protease USP21, the NEDP1/DEN1 hydrolase and the COP9/signalosome (CSN) (7,8,9). In contrast to the ubiquitin pathway, the NEDD8 modification system acts on only a few substrates and does not appear to target proteins for degradation. Neddylation of cullin proteins activates the SCF (Skp1-Cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex by promoting complex formation and enhancing the recruitment of the E2-ubiquitin intermediate (10). While NEDD8 modification of VHL is not required for ubiquitination of HIF1-α, it is required for fibronectin matrix assembly (11). Mdm2-dependent neddylation of p53 inhibits its transcriptional activity (12).
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